30-Oct-10: They're shooting at us yet again

There's been yet another shooting attack tonight on Israeli civilians driving on the roads. Ynet reports that a couple traveling from the Mount Hebron area (where there are numerous Israeli communities) to Jerusalem came under fire from gunmen. But - and this is why it will not be reported in the general news media - they were not hurt, thankfully, though their vehicle is riddled with bullet-holes. IDF forces are currently scouring the al-Walaja and Har Gilo area (roughly five kiolmeters south of Jerusalem) for the shooters.
UPDATE Monday morning 1-Nov-10: An announcement by the IDF Spokesperson's Office says a Palestinian Arab man suspected of involvement in the shooting attack yesterday evening was arrested early Sunday morning by IDF forces. He is Muhaned Muhamed Mahmud Aze, 34, from Bethlehem. He confessed to carrying out the attack and is now under arrest. Worth mentioning here that with prisoner releases under constant discussion here, in the context of a possible deal for the release of the Israeli hostage Gilad Shalit, this man Aze would be classified as being "without blood on his hands" (since his shooting spree mostly failed) and highly likely to be on the list of terrorists to be freed. His picture and exploits have gotten no media coverage, which is fairly unremarkable, but all of this leads to a kind of engineered apathy in which practitioners of terrorism merge into the background, somehow free of the outrage and fear that their religiously inspired murderous exploits out to evoke.

For those of us who feel the outrage and fear, here are some additional points to ponder. This particular gunperson, Aze, is connected to Hamas (source: Haaretz). Haaretz points out that "the majority of Hamas' activities in the West Bank are being orchestrated by Palestinian militants formerly imprisoned in Israel, who returned to terrorism after being released over the last few years... These cells have also had a harder time harboring weapons and ammunition, due to mass raids by the IDF and Palestinian Authority security forces. But the Central Command believes that the Hamas cells are still intent on carrying out shooting attacks, and the IDF, Shin Bet and PA forces have intensified their crackdowns."

Lest you thought the terrorism in our neighbourhood was in retreat.

30-Oct-10: Mortars fired into Israel once again

Unreported outside this region, two mortar shells were fired into Israel from the Gaza Strip this afternoon (Saturday), landing near Kerem Shalom, which translates from Hebrew as Vineyard of Peace. Maan reported it; so did Rotter. But since the Palestinian-Gazan-Arab firing of deadly projectiles at Israelis is so old hat, the conventional news channels no longer bother reporting it... that is, until Israeli counter-measures take lives on the Hamas side of the fence.

28-Oct-10: Inconsolable continued

The major international syndication services continue to put out images today calculated (we believe) to evoke sympathy for the perpetrators of terror. (See our posting of yesterday for the background.) This is disgraceful.

27-Oct-10: Inconsolable victimhood?

The Islamic Jihad terror organization announced earlier this afternoon (in a report quoted by Haaretz, as well as by Reuters) that one of its terrorists was killed on what it termed a "Jihadist mission" today - in other words, an attack aimed at Israelis. Islamic Jihad has been behind many of the rocket attacks that have targeted civilians in southern Israel from launching points in the Hamas-run Gaza Strip. Ynet, quoting Gaza Palestinian sources, says the dead man was 20, and a member of Islamic Jihad's so-called military wing al-Quds Brigades (as if a terrorist organization has wings that are not inherently terrorist).

The IDF's spokesperson confirmed the basic facts: one of its tanks fired on "two Palestinian suspects who approached the security fence" and the target was hit. Palestinian Arab medical sources in Gaza, also quoted by Haaretz, said a second person nearby was wounded.

As happens so often, this is only part of the story. Earlier today a mortar shell fired into Israel from the Gaza Strip exploded in an open area near one of the kibbutzim of Shaar Hanegev. Fortunately, no one was hurt and there was no damage, but this was not the intention of the jihadists. And unlike the death of the terrorist, the mortar attack is entirely unreported at this hour, outside of Israeli news channels.

Meanwhile, true to form, the major newsagencies are already promoting the traditional photos (see below) of wailing, inconsolable friends and relatives... of the dead terrorist for heaven's sake. His name happens, perhaps not by chance, to be Jihad Afanah. The narrative by which the jihadists and the Islamists are perpetual victims is, somehow, irresistable to the photo editors who, sad to say, know their customers well.

Here, below, are several of the agency photos already making their way around the world into the syndication channel. To us, the tone of sympathy and tragedy they sound is a disgrace. Not a new disgrace, but a disgrace. Either the editors at AP and Reuters believe the dead man is a terrorist, in which case why do they time and again frame the death by reference to bereavement and loss? Or they actually believe this dead man and his ilk are activists - and in that case their message seems to be: how very sad that a sincere young man died while trying to achieve his noble goal. Either way, the syndicated publication of pictures like these brings no credit to the editors or the agencies. 

 

 

27-Oct-10: The headline says it all

The screenshot above comes from an ex-pat Iranian website called Iranian.com (not especially friendly to our viewpoints as the subheading shows), and relates to a woman whose public statements and activities have gotten more than a modest degree of media attention. We thought it only right to give some exposure to what some ordinary Iranians are saying about her decision to undergo a religious conversion.

UK newspaper columnist Julie Burchill offers some fairly pungent criticism of the same woman in today's The Independent (UK) including this: "The spectacle of Booth attempting to rap in the celebrity jungle does seem to indicate that she is the sort of dweeb who would do anything to get in with the tough kids – who she now perceives as being the Muslims... What sort of woman freely converts to a religion which supports the oppression, torment and murder of thousands of Christians, homosexuals and spirited women, worldwide, every year?"

25-Oct-10: More incoming mortars from Hamas-controlled Jihadistan

Ynet, the Jerusalem Post and several other Israeli news sources, but virtually no one else in the global news industry, report that 5 more mortar shells were fired from the Hamas-dominated Gaza Strip today (Monday) into southern Israel. Two mortar shells landed in open areas in the Eshkol region, forunately missing human beings and property - though this was not the intention of the terrorists. Three others crashed on the Hamas side of the fence that separates the Gaza Strip from Israel and the rest of the civilized world. Past experience tells us mortars and missiles landing on top of Palestinian Arabs and their homes are reported if and only if Israel can be blamed. Israel cannot be blamed today; thus, they will go unreported. Check and see.

Yesterday (Sunday) there were 3 more mortars in the same area, and additional mortars were fired from the same place, more or less, into Israel during the Sabbath.

25-Oct-10: Speaking truth to hatred and manipulation

Iconic image: Arabs fleeing their villages in the war
waged by the Arab states in 1948 to 'liberate' Palestine

So much of the discourse on terrorism and why jihadists are willing to die just so that their hated enemies suffer is based on a fiction: that their acts of terror emanate from a sense of desperation and of despair.

As we here in Israel who are truly desperate for peace try - repeatedly - to share what we have learned about the role of ideology and religion in the development of jihadism throughout the world, we are struck by how few sober and honest voices can be heard emanating from within Islamic society.

One of the most strikingly clear and cogent such voices belongs to a journalist who lives a few minutes' drive from our home in Jerusalem. Here below is an important plea that, if well understood by enough people, can help frame a constructive, practical approach to blunting the threat of the terrorists in our neighbourhood.

Khaled Abu Toameh's writings, quoted by us here numerous times, not only speak truth to the power of the jihadist world. Even more importantly, he establishes a paradigm for separating the agenda-driven from the objective, the truthful and authentic from the false and pernicious.

The Palestinian Refugees: Why Is Everyone Lying To Them?

Khaled Abu Toameh

Palestinian Authority leaders are now saying that they will never recognize Israel as a Jewish state because that would mean that they would have to give up the "right of return" for millions of Palestinians to their original homes inside Israel. These leaders are actually continuing to deceive the refugees into believing that one day they will be permitted to move into Israel.

The Palestinian Authority, like the rest of the Arab governments, has been lying to the refugees for decades, telling them that one day their dream of returning to their villages and towns, many of which no longer exist, would be fulfilled. Meanwhile, the refugees are continuing to live in harsh conditions in their UNRWA-administered camps in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.  No Arab or Palestinian leader has ever dared to confront the refugees with the truth, namely that they are not going to move into Israel. On the contrary, Palestinian and Arab leaders continue to tell these people that they will go back to their former villages and towns.

Arab and Palestinian governments are lying to the refugees because they want to avoid any responsibility toward their plight. The Arab governments hosting the refugees have done almost nothing to improve the living conditions of the refugees. On the contrary, Palestinian refugees living in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan have long been subjected the victims of racism and other repressive and unjust measures and laws that deprive them even of basic rights. Governments such as Jordan receive a payment for each refugee, turning the refugees into nothing more than property, like stocks on Wall Street.

Since its establishment in 1994, the Palestinian Authority has also done very little to help the refugees. In the West Bank, most of the international aid is being invested in major cities such as Ramallah, Nablus, Bethlehem and Jenin, as well as scores of villages.

UNRWA is also not offering a solution to the refugees. Instead, the UN agency is perpetuating the problem by creating new generations of refugees.  UNRWA is in fact encouraging the refugees to stay where they are. For UNRWA, refugees are a gigantic UN jobs program, providing over 30,000 of them, costing over $1 billion USD a-year, or, according to separate sources, a third of all other UN refugee services combined.

The case of the Palestinian refugees is one of the most important issues in the Israeli-Arab conflict. It needs to be solved for once and for all -- and immediately. The refugees have the legitimate and moral right to continue dreaming about their original villages and towns. But the Arab and Palestinian governments do not have the right to continue lying to these people. The issue of the refugees can easily be solved if the entire international community, with the help of the Arab world, gets together to find a  solution. Israel alone will never be able to solve the problem. The refugees should be offered financial compensation or resettlement in Arab and other countries. Those who wish to move to a Palestinian state that is established alongside Israel in the future should not be denied that right. Arab countries should be urged to absorb Palestinian refugees. Western countries should also participate by taking some of the refugees and offering them a new life. Why not establish an international fund that would offer financial compensation to those who lost their homes and lands? And let us not forget that there are also hundreds of thousands of Jewish "refugees" who lost their properties in Arab countries.

The world needs to tell the Palestinian refugees that while they are entitled to many rights, they must forget about returning to Jaffa, Haifa and other places inside Israel.

The issue of the Palestinian refugees can be solved only when a courageous Arab or Palestinian leader confronts them with the truth. As long as the refugees are being fed with false hopes, there can be no solution.

Khaled Abu Toameh has worked as a journalist and film-maker for nearly 30 years in the Palestinian areas. His career started at a PLO newspaper in Jerusalem. Today he is the West Bank and Gaza correspondent for U.S. News and World Report and the Jerusalem Post, and has been the Palestinian affairs producer for NBC News since 1988. 

He describes himself as an Arab Muslim, and also an Israeli citizen "not because I am a collaborator with Israel but because my father belongs to the Israeli-Arab community inside Israel.. And I also happen to be a Palestinian because my mother is a Palestinian from the West Bank. So if you're confused you can call me an Israeli-Arab-Muslim-Palestinian". 

We can also call him an astute observer with the ability to cut through ideological cant. This makes his an important and worthwhile voice on subjects that suffer greatly from agenda-driven polemics masquerading as journalism and objective analysis.

24-Oct-10: Lauren Booth has been thinking these things through

Since we have given attention in these pages to the statements and doings of British former-prime-minister Tony Blair's sister in law (20-Aug-10 Some more things that Hamas is good at and 19-Aug-08: Seven years and the same blind ignorance exacts its price), it's only appropriate that we pass along the latest of her media appearances.

Cherie's sister now a Muslim Tony Blair's sister-in-law has converted to Islam. Lauren Booth, 43, the half-sister of Cherie Blair, says she now wears a hijab when she leaves the house and prays five times a day after a "holy experience" in Iran. Journalist Lauren took the decision six weeks ago after visiting the shrine of Fatima al Masumeh in the city of Qom. She said: "I haven't wanted to touch alcohol," adding that she hoped her conversion would help change former PM Blair's "presumptions" about Islam being a threat. The freshly abstemious Ms Booth is employed by the notorious Iranian media channel, Press TV. We wonder whether this, too, is meant to persuade her brother in law of Islam's non-threatening nature. She's been studying the Koran too. Has gotten all the way up to page 60, she told reporters. This is impressive if you take into account the deep intellect and emotional maturity that have characterized her jihadism-focused actions to date. Ms Booth, though the half-sister of Mrs Blair, rates not a single mention in the former prime minister's 700 page autobiographical study, "The Journey".

17-Oct-10: Yet again, terror rockets intercepted en route to Israel

The IDF Spokesperson's Unit put out an announcement around 7 this morning saying Israeli forces had overnight struck a squad of terrorists who were in the process of preparing to fire rockets into Israel from the Northern Gaza Strip. Ynet is reporting that Palestinian Arab sources in Gaza say two large explosions were heard in the Strip after an Israeli navy boat fired at a Hamas training facility in the northern part of Gaza City. It quotes an official at Gaza Hospital who reports one dead and five wounded, one critically. For its part, the Israeli military, according to Ynet, says the intercept was achieved by IDF jets.
 
Depressingly, some 165 rockets and mortars have been fired into Israeli territory since 1-Jan-10. The rate rate is increasing, according to Israeli sources quoted by Ynet: 16 rockets and 23 mortar shells into Israel in 30 separate incidents during one month, September 2010.

How many of those scored a mention in any of the news media you see?

15-Oct-10: Is Europe facing a terror attack? Part II

From Arab News, today, in an article called "Al-Qaeda magazine offers terror tips":

"Al-Qaeda's affiliate in Yemen is urging followers to strike Western countries with tips on how to carry out random terrorist attacks, including the US, in a new edition of an English-language publication that the group posts online. The 74-page English-language publication, called “Inspire,” urges attacks in “Israel, the US, Britain, Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Denmark, Holland and other countries where the government and public sentiment is in support of the occupation of Palestine.” It urges Muslims in America and other Western nations to wage home-grown terrorist attacks, offering grisly suggestions that “would cause chaos and trauma among the public... The magazine, complete with frank essays, cleverly designed imagery and ominous terrorist tips, preaches “sheer anarchy and mayhem...”

From Germany's Jihadi Export in Wednesday's WSJ Europe:

"The flow of jihadists from Germany to Afghanistan and the tribal regions of Pakistan is hardly anything new. The German media began to take serious notice of the phenomenon at the latest in spring 2008, after Bavarian-born Cüneyt Ciftci blew himself up in a suicide attack on an U.S. Army post in Afghanistan's Khost province. Two American soldiers were killed and another four wounded. The attack and the identity of the perpetrator earned barely a passing mention in the traditional American media. The German recruits have been connected to two al Qaeda-affiliated organizations: the Islamic Jihad Union and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan... In a recent commentary in the daily Die Welt, German editorialist Clemens Wergin urges Germany to do more to prevent what he pointedly calls Germany's "export of terror." In particular, he suggests that "legal levers must be created that make it possible to apprehend dangerous suspects [Gefährder] earlier." That's because "for the moment," as Mr. Wergin explains, "it is not sufficient for a criminal prosecution that someone has trained in a terror camp, for instance. The authorities have to demonstrate that the person in question completed this training with the goal of carrying out concrete plans for an attack. But it is difficult to imagine that a radical would do training in a terror camp just to have better perspectives of finding work in Germany as a fireworks arranger or bodyguard... What are German authorities waiting for? That known graduates of terror camps whose sole raison d'être is jihad show them their non-existent al-Qaeda membership cards?"

"Bin Laden's Western foot soldiers" in The Australian on 7-Oct-10 describes a phenomenon that ought to keep politicians and police awake every night: the Westernisation of the militant movement.

"Terrorists nowadays don't come from refugee camps or isolated mountain villages but from our societies," Hoffman says. "Because they are intimately familiar with our societies, they can navigate through them without detection or arousing suspicion [and] penetrate what they see as the most vulnerable and attractive targets." ... "The threat of a Mumbai-style attack has been troubling the authorities here since it happened in India," says Clive Walker, a terrorism specialist from the Leeds University law school. "There are undoubtedly those who wish to emulate such an attack in Europe, even though it is more difficult, especially in Britain where entry controls and munitions controls are among the tightest in the world." But even with the tightest of controls, authorities are hard pressed to keep tabs on the estimated 400,000 people who travel between Britain and Pakistan each year." More

And another brief excerpt from "Bin Laden's Western foot soldiers

Perpetuating a reign of terror depends not on being able to kill large numbers of people but on being able to generate mass fear... Of this, bin Laden is well aware. He once said: "All we have to do is to send two mujaheddin to the farthest point east to raise a piece of cloth on which is written 'al-Qa'ida' in order to make the generals race there to cause America to suffer human, economic and political losses, without their achieving anything of note."

15-Oct-10: Is Europe facing a terror attack?

Earlier this month, the US State Department advised Americans living or traveling in Europe to conduct themselves as if terrorists are plotting attacks in Europe. Yesterday (Thursday), its counterterrorism coordinator Daniel Benjamin clarified that the terror plot focused on Europe is still enough of a threat for the US to maintain the current advisory. It's a step below a formal warning advising Americans not to visit Europe.

So often when terrorism is under discussion, you hear voices downplaying the dangers (for instance, "Some Muslims, Officials See Terror Alert As Alarmist" on the National Public Radio website this week) and that's certainly the case in this current alert. European and Pakistani officials, for instance, have questioned out loud whether the US is overreacting. TIME Magazine captured the European ambivalence well last week in an opinion piece entitled "Terror Threat: Caught Between Caution and Alarm". The acrobatics described here are impressive:

Given the thickening flurry of terror-related developments around the world — intelligence discoveries, counter-terrorism efforts, rising threat levels — the global public, and people in Europe in particular, could be forgiven for reading them as worrying signs of a looming strike on Western soil. Yet despite the feeling that all this activity is reaching a critical mass, European security officials stress that they have no reason to believe an attack is imminent. And they note that while the general terror threat is indeed relatively high, it is not acute.

Relatively high danger, but not acute. It's not only Europeans who are living in denial about Islamic terror but they certainly contribute a certain distinctive style.

Meanwhile back on Earth, the State Department says its intelligence was gathered from multiple sources over several months and is credible. Some of the plot details come from the interrogation of Ahmed Siddiqui, an Afghan with German citizenship, captured by US forces in Afghanistan during July and the source of some detailed operational information about European jihadist circles. Siddiqui was a cleaner at Hamburg airport and a devout member of the al-Quds mosque in Hamburg several of the 9/11 hijackers gathered prior to their attack.

Concern over the presence of German citizens in Pakistan's tribal areas has gotten some media attention in past weeks. The BBC, relying on German media sources, said last week that several Islamist militants disappeared from their homes in Hamburg in 2009 and were believe to have gone to Pakistan's North Waziristan. A week ago, the German interior ministry revealed that 70 Germans had gotten paramilitary training in Afghanistan and Pakistan... and a third of them had returned home. In August 2010, German police shut down that Hamburg mosque on the basis that it had become a focus for terrorist activity. 
Associated Press today quotes the State Department's people saying "The credibility of the information was what was most striking about this – and the fact that it was so internally consistent... We tried to couch it as carefully as we could [but] we had an obligation – both an ethical one but also a legal one – to warn American tourists that this was a concern."

Tony Blair used to be prime minister of the UK. Today he sees himself having a similar kind of ethical obligation. In a speech that got wide coverage last week, Blair noted that these has been a failure to challenge the ''narrative'' that Islam was oppressed by the West and that this is fuelling extremism around the world. Too many people accept the extremists' analysis, says Blair. For example, that the actions taken by the military forces of western countries in the wake of the 9/11 mass terrorism were directed at countries because they were Muslim

Blair says:

''We should wake up to the absurdity of our surprise at the prevalence of this extremism... Look at the funds it receives. Examine the education systems that succour it. And then measure, over the years, the paucity of our counter-attack in the name of peaceful co-existence. We have been outspent, outmanoeuvred and out-strategised.''

Not only outspent, outmanoeuvred and out-strategised. But also outsmarted.

Ron Ben-Yishai gets scant media attention outside Israel, but he is often on the money. He published some observations a week ago, pointing out that the US warnings are based on concrete intelligence from intelligence agencies in the US, Pakistan, Britain, France, and Germany. He backs up the reports of Afghan jihadists with German passports, and says they are getting plenty of attention from US forces. Let's quantify that:

"Since entering the White House, US President Barack Obama has authorized no less than 122 drone hits against senior al-Qaeda and Pakistani Taliban leaders hiding out in the tribal regions of the country. This is more than double the number of attacks former President George W. Bush authorized in all eight years of his presidency. Just last month, at least 22 such attacks in Pakistan alone killed dozens of Muslim terrorists. In response... jihadists are now trying to leave Pakistan for a revenge campaign in Europe. The reasoning is clear. There are many American tourists on the continent, whose urban centers and public transportation systems are packed with people, and security measures are relatively lax. The preferred method of attack is shooting attacks and taking hostages. This modus operandi, which was successfully executed last year in Mumbai, India... allows the perpetrators, British and German citizens, to reach their targets unhindered, armed with assault rifles and handguns that can be obtained on the local market and hidden in handbags."

Ben-Yishai says the Pakistani-Germans are partnered with a North African group called "al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb". They recently kidnapped several groups of French tourists and professionals from the mining and oil industries; one of the French hostages was murdered in a jihadist execution. Now the terrorist leadership has decided to carry out a mass-casualty attack

"by detonating explosives at central French tourist sites, first and foremost being the Eiffel Tower. This is the reason that French authorities have evacuated the site, a symbol of France's strength, twice in recent weeks... It is likely that this information reached the security establishment in Paris after Italian police arrested a French citizen of Algerian descent in possession of explosive devices about a month ago. It remains unclear whether the Pakistani group and the North African group are coordinating their attacks with one another."

He says al-Qaeda is trying to time the actions of the two groups in order to create the impression of simultaneous, coordinated attacks on different sites in Europe, something which would increase their deterrent effect and grant al-Qaeda new momentum.

Meanwhile, even in France, there are some sane voices capable of observing and then acting. Jean-Louis Bruguière, France's top anti-terrorism official in the recent past, says

"all European nations are paying close attention to movement and planning in the Pakistan border area, because "since 2008, as Islamist networks in Europe have re-focused full attention on the Afghan jihad, we've all seen an increasing flow of Europeans traveling to the region for combat and terror training." ...al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb "has proven its stated strike out at France by kidnapping French citizens in Africa which means we're taking its promises to unleash violence on French soil more seriously than ever."

Thank goodness for that.

30-Sep-10: Shock, horror! Arafat (gasp) encouraged terrorist attacks!!

In a syndicated Associated Press report issued yesterday, one of the highest-up thugs in the Hamas terror hierarchy, Mahmoud Zahar, is quoted telling Gaza City students that when Yasser Arafat realized negotiations with Israel were failing ten years ago, he "recommended to Hamas to carry out a number of military operations in the heart of the Hebrew state."

The AP report says it has confirmation of the closed-door session, and says Zahar declined to deny them. It says other Hamas leaders refused to discuss the statements on the record, and several privately expressed displeasure but did not deny them. Zahar's statement were made Tuesday - the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 28, 2000, eruption of violence that became known as the second intifada.

A far more reliable source, the Jerusalem Post's peerless Khaled Abu Toameh, writes that this is the first time a senior Hamas source has conceded that some of the suicide-bombing murders carried out by its agents during the second intifada, which erupted 10 years ago, were ordered by Arafat. Until now, it was widely believed that Arafat had only ordered his Fatah militiamen to carry out terror attacks on Israel.

Some additional light in an AFP report today:

"Arafat had always insisted that the uprising was a spontaneous reaction to the Israeli occupation and that he had no control over Hamas, the long-time rivals of his secular Fatah movement. He publicly condemned attacks targeting civilians inside Israel, including those carried out by the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, the armed wing of Fatah."

But since his death, Arafat's acolytes have been quite open about his central role in the terrorism for which "Palestinian" has become a by-word:

Back in Abu Amar's day [Yasser Arafat's nom de guerre], we had a plan, there was a strategy, and we would carry his orders...Everything that was done in the intifada was done according to Arafat's instructions... 

That's from a candid statement by the head of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade terrorists in an interview carried in Ha'aretz on April 4, 2008.

Public condemnations of terrorism by Palestinian Arab leaders up to their armpits themselves in acts of terrorism have been, and continue to be, a constant in this ongoing war. The straight-faced denials ("totally opposed to violence, even against the Zionists") have always served to persuade those (journalists, diplomats) who wanted/want desperately to be persuaded.

So long as this see-no-evil, hear-no-evil idiocy continues, public opinion will remain as bamboozled as it is today globally about terrorism and how to deal with it. And we all pay a steep price for that.